Application software presentation
Application Software
by :
Agusti Eka Dyah Larasati (12313244015)
Rahmat Hadi Saputro (12313244016)
Application Software
•
Application
SW are programs that interact directly with the user for the performance of a
certain type of work
•
They
generally do not talk to the HW (i.e. printer, disk drive, etc) directly, but
through interfaces provided by the OS
•
Interactive-mode
–
The
user runs the program on the computer and keeps on interacting with the
computer while the program runs
–
Example: Word processor
•
Batch-mode
–
The
user starts the program and the computer processes the provided data and
produces results without any further intervention from the user
–
Example:
Payroll
Classification According to Application Area
·
Scientific/engineering/graphics
Intense floating-point calculations
Scientific/engineering/mathematical apps
o Computers initially were designed
just to run them
o Generally designed for specialists
o Rudimentary UI’s
o Many run in batch mode
1. Scientific SW
·
Simulation
of natural systems
o Deforestation and effect on
green-house gases
·
Simulation
of artificial systems
o NeuralWare (Simulator for artificial
neural networks)
o Thermo-nuclear explosions
·
Mathematical
computation packages
oMathematica (can do hundreds, if not
thousands of functions, e.g. solving a differential eq, symbolically)
oMathCAD
2. Engineering
SW
·
Computer-aided
design (CAD)
o AutoCAD
o SPICE
o Virtual wind tunnels
·
Computer-aided
manufacturing (CAM)
·
Telecommunication
system SW
oCentrex
oIndustrial control SW
oControl program for a water treatment plant
3. Graphics & Animation SW
Two types:
1. Vector graphics
•
Treats
everything that is drawn as an object
•
Objects
retain their identity after they are drawn
•
These
objects can later be easily moved, stretched, duplicated, deleted, etc
•
Are
resolution independent
•
Relatively
small file size
•
Example:
Flash
2. Bit-mapped or
raster graphics
•
Treats
everything that is drawn as a bit-map
•
If an
object is drawn on top of another, it is difficult to move just 1 of them while
leaving the other untouched
•
Changing
the resolution often requires considerable touch-up work
•
Relatively
large file size
Example:
MS Paint, Adobe Photoshop\
·
Business
Most of the SW being developed today belongs to
this category
SW that is required to run most any sort of
biz:
o Payroll
o General ledger
o Order entry
o Accounts receivable & accounts payable
o Inventory control
Let’s now discuss a few business SW categories
which are not that common, but are becoming more and more popular with time
a. E-Commerce SW
Many businesses are either already using it or
thinking seriously about using it to offer their products and/or services over
the Internet
This class of interactive business SW makes it
possible for customers to place orders over the Web without the involvement of
any of the seller’s salesperson
The product is shipped or made available for
download immediately after the payment is verified
Generally custom-built, but products like the
IBM’s WebSphere SW makes the process easier
requirements:
·
Reliability
·
Security
·
Ability
to handle 1000’s of transactions, simultaneously
b. ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning)
SW
·
Very
large scale, complex & expensive SW
·
Ties
together all key activities & major systems of an organization into a
single SW system
·
Key
benefit: Optimization of the business processes of an organization as a single
system instead of many loosely-related stand-alone systems
·
Example: SAP, Oracle, PeopleSoft, Baan
c.
DSS
(Decision Support Systems) SW
·
Sometimes
also called “expert systems”
·
Based
on a branch of computer science called “artificial intelligence”
·
This
category of SW is designed to help business managers in making effective
decisions in complex situations based on the analysis of the relevant data
·
Example:
I once designed a system that predicted the choices of airline pilots
·
Productivity
SW
·
Most
popular category in terms of licenses sold
·
Common
features
o Ability to simplify, automate
everyday business tasks
o Highly interactive and user-friendly
design
o Designed to run on PC’s
o Most users do not use 90% of the SW
features
·
Popular
productivity SW
a. Word Processors
·
Probably
the most popular productivity app
·
Initially
designed as a replacement for the typewriter
·
Automation
o Automatic end-of-line soft carriage
return
o Style sheets
o Table of contents & index
o Spelling & grammar checking
·
Two
approaches: WYSIWYG (e.g. Word, WordPerfect, Star) or traditional markup
(LaTeX)?
·
Desktop
publishing
b. Web Page Development SW
·
Web
pages can be developed using a simple plain-text editor like the “notepad”, but
more efficient, easy-to-use HTML editors can make the process quicker
·
Some
of them are WYSIWYG (i.e. you don’t really need to know any HTML to use them),
others are not, while some provide both types of interfaces (DreamWeaver)
·
Most
popular word processors now come with a built-in Web page development facility
c. Spreadsheet SW
·
Electronic
replacement for ledgers
·
Is
used for automating engineering, scientific, but in majority of cases, business
calculations
·
A
spreadsheet - VisiCalc - was the first popular application on PC’s.
·
It
helped in popularizing PC’s by making the task of financial-forecasting much
simpler, allowing individuals to do forecasts which previously were performed
by a whole team of financial wizard
·
Consist
of cells arranged in rows & columns
·
Each
cell may contain numeric values, text or formulas
·
Automation
o Recalculations
o Charts
d. Presentation Development SW
·
Used
to prepare multimedia material for lectures & presentations to display key
points, graphics, animation, or video with the help of multimedia projectors
·
Have
replaced acetate films (slides) that were used with over-head projectors
·
Key
advantage over acetate slides:
o Easy to modify
o Can be sent electronically
o Its multimedia nature makes it more
interesting for the audience
Productivity SW Suites
o
A
set of stand-alone productivity applications designed to work easily with each
other
o
Share
a common UI
o
Are
available as a bundle along with additional useful utilities
o
Examples: MS Office, Corel WordPerfect Office, Lotus
SmartSuite, Star Office
o SW Suites for other app areas are
available as well, e.g. the Adobe suite of graphics apps
·
Entertainment
o Simple, intuitive, many times social
UI’s
o
The
user is generally assumed to know nothing about computers
o
Both
Microsoft & Apple are pursuing a PC-as-a-personal-entertainment-hub
strategy. Probable result: Already popular entertainment SW will become
even more popular
a.
Music
& Video Players
o
Music
players (WinAmp)
o
Video/Music
players (Real player, Windows Media player, QuickTime player)
o
The
Web Browsers can also display video, animation, and play music with the help of
helper applications like Flash
b.
Music Generation
& Movie Editing SW
o
A
PC can be made the hub of a music making studio with help of appropriate HW
& SW
o
Inexpensive,
easy-to-use video editing SW has recently become available for the iMac PC
c.
Games
o
Many
types
o
Educational
(especially for toddlers)
o
Strategy/Simulation
o
Sports
o
Shoot’em
ups
o
The
saddest aspect: You do not need any
opponents or partners to play computer games
o
The
app SW category that provides the toughest challenge for computer HW
·
Educational
o
Category
with probably the highest growth rate
o
Current
focus on augmenting traditional training and education methods, but it is
shifting towards replacing traditional methods
a. Electronic Encyclopedias
•
Great
resource of useful information presented in a very interesting format
•
Superior
to the paper-based version:
–
Access
speed is dramatically higher
–
Can
contain animation and sound
–
Much
lower cost as thousand’s of pages in dozens of volumes have been replaced by a
couple of CD’s
b. On-Line
Learning
•
With
time, the VU Web site will become more and more focused on interactive online
learning
•
The
Website of our textbook “Understanding Computers” is an example of an on-line
learning Website
•
Key
features of good online learning SW:
–
The
student can learn at his or her own pace
–
The
student can select his or her own hours
c. Interactive
CD’s
•
Same
as on-line learning, but through a CD instead of a Web site
•
Key
advantage:
–
Ideal
for students with slow Internet access
Attributes
of Good Application SW
•
Easy
to install, un-install
•
UI
–
Consistent
–
Intuitive
–
Configurable
–
Adapts
to the users need
•
Has a
tutorial and a complete help manual
•
Does
not have any critical bugs
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